This report examines how laws and regulations are developed and implemented in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It outlines the country's legal framework, the hierarchy of legal norms, and the roles of key institutions, including Parliament, the government, provincial authorities, and the Constitutional Court. The report describes the main stages of the rulemaking process, from the initiation and review of legislative proposals to their adoption and promulgation. It al

The purpose of this report is to analyze the rule-making process within the South Sudan Local Government Council—that is, its formal and informal legislative and decision-making processes. South Sudan’s governance structure is deeply rooted in a long history of local decentralization, which traces back to the administrative model inherited from Sudan. Although the Interim Constitution and the Local Government Act provide a clear legal basis for local legislation, formal proce

This report was written by Mr. FONDO Arcenio Hafo Arlindo from Mozambique. After obtaining a Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree from the Graduate School of Law at Kyushu University, the author was working as an intern at OSINTech at the time of writing this report. Summary The purpose of this report is to comprehensively examine the rule-making process within Mozambique’s foreign direct investment (FDI) legal framework, identify key challenges, and propose practical lessons for fu

This report is written by a JICA international student intern, by utilizing RuleWatcher. It focuses on the policy-making processes and dynamics in various countries and was produced with the hope that it will be widely utilized by NGOs and civil society organizations. Summary This report examines the rulemaking process in Nigeria with the aim of contributing to the broader discussion on effective policy-making and inclusive governance in developing countries. In Nigeria, it i

More than one million Rohingya refugees have been living in camps in Bangladesh since 2017, with children making up more than half of the population. Yet access to safe and continuous education remains difficult due to legal restrictions, chronic underfunding, unsafe learning environments, natural disasters, and security concerns. This report explores Temporary Learning Spaces (TLS) as a practical short-term solution to these challenges. Using the Tankyu (inquiry) method and